Netflix Case Analysis free essay sample

Netflix, Inc. â€Å"Netflix, Inc. is the universes biggest online film rental help, with in excess of 10 million supporters (Netflix Media Center, 2009). † Netflix shows predominant financial qualities in the online film rental business. They appreciate solid market size and development rate when contrasted with contention rivalry. The quantity of competitions are expanding, and the market stays commanded by just a couple of sizeable contentions like Blockbuster Video, Wal-Mart, Walt Disney Movies and Movielink’s Downloadable Movies. Netflix is resolved to offer new and creative innovation to support their upper hand. â€Å"Netflix development system involves making the best item and the best customer experience far and away superior. Lead the development of web conveyance content by offering supporters both mail conveyance and a constantly improving web conveyance alternative (Netflix Overview, 2009). † Netflix’s vision is â€Å"to change the manner in which individuals access and view the motion pictures they love. To achieve that, for an enormous scope, we need to set a drawn out objective to obtain 5 million supporters in the U. We will compose a custom paper test on Netflix Case Analysis or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page S. or then again 5 percent of the U. S. Television family units throughout the following four to seven years (Thompson C-41). † This vision is all around contrived and made setting present moment and long haul execution targets. Current examination shows under 4 million supporters in 2004, and in under six years their endorser base has dramatically increased to in excess of 10 million endorsers. Their goal is to use their online DVD rental authority to develop the two supporters and overall gain, along these lines utilizing a reasonable scorecard approach identifying with budgetary execution and those identified with vital execution. My investigation of Netflix’s procedure and vision is centered and around target. Netflix is accomplishing its upper hand by making an effectively thought out system and the vital vision to contend, endure and increase an upper hand over contending rivals. My case investigation depends on the data picked up from the course book and looking into the company’s site. Tragically, the data in the reading material is significantly more established than the current data on Netflix’s site. Survey the company’s profile and budgetary development in the course of the most recent couple of years shows that Netflix methodology and vision has been actualized effectively, accomplishing solid vital development and a reasonable upper hand. Netflix‘s plan of action and system contrast intimately with its key opponents. Despite the fact that, Netflix won a patent that secured a lot of its plan of action and could be utilized to help smother rivalry later on (Thompson C-33) . Netflix has a group of administrators that oversee just the on-line DVD rental endeavor. They are settled and utilize an exceptionally complex programming program in this manner making film choice simple and fun. In my investigation, Blockbuster has many retail locations to fight with and numerous different aspects of a business undertaking, along these lines not having a one of a kind group of people exclusively committed to the on-line DVD rental business. Wal-Mart would be Netflix’s biggest dread because of the huge capital accessible and aptitude that could be utilized, yet Wal-Mart keeps on lingering behind Netflix. Wal-Mart’s online programming needs a ton of troubleshooting, though Netflix had just gone through quite a while investigating its product (Thompson C-37). The online film rental business is evolving. As innovation changes, DVD’s won't be the vehicle of decision. The move will be downloadable films. The vast majority appreciate the capacity to watch a film quickly, consequently another of Netflix’s rivals, Movielink’s. Netflix had the option to see this change and respond to it rapidly as found in their organization vision articulation. I for one appreciate the choice of pay-per-see that is accessible with nearby digital TV and satellite suppliers. Additionally accessible is the â€Å"on-demand† or â€Å"on-command† film experience that permits an individual to see more established motion pictures complimentary. Another danger is Redbox and other computerized DVD retail machines. These are showing up all over the place. Redbox charges $1 for all motion pictures, with no late expenses or shrouded charges. These are only a couple of outside dangers that Netflix should be worried about. The key factors that will decide Netflix’s proceeded with progress obviously identifies with getting their item to customers as fast as could be expected under the circumstances. Their creative programming and warehousing has end up being successful and productive. Be that as it may, they should keep on enhancing the innovation that will carry motion pictures to buyers much quicker! In the event that they don't, the opposition will. Netflix’s capacity to quickly change and furnish clients with the items they want, in an opportune design, joined with their ground-breaking programming makes looking for films all the more fascinating and agreeable. As a past client of Netflix, I delighted in a considerable lot of these highlights. I don't care for perusing through a video rental store. I think that its troublesome and tedious attempting to locate a fascinating film. Netflix’s online programming is organized to make suggestions on my recently seen motion pictures, in this way settling on the choices for me. This is one in number element that has reinforced Netflix’s upper hand. With the goal for Netflix to make due in this contending market, they should underwrite and overwhelm the downloadable DVD business. Netflix has the capacity and â€Å"know-how† to do this. Netflix has the product as of now set up for advancing their items on the web, presently they have to actualize an easy to understand application for downloading motion pictures to the purchaser. The greatest deterrent I see, is getting them to a medium that shoppers can utilize and watch on their present TV. Another obstacle is the advances in top notch TVs. I appreciate observing top quality motion pictures. Proposal Netflix must structure and execute downloadable top quality motion pictures in a configuration that anybody can use on their present TV. In the event that Netflix can accomplish this mechanical obstacle they will no uncertainty see proceeded with development and reinforce their upper hand. Blockbuster and Wal-Mart will attempt to impersonate Netflix. In the event that Netflix can build up the innovation to accomplish my suggestion above, it is workable for Netflix to get selective rights and licenses that would smother the opposition. Would I purchase Netflix stock? No. There is no uncertainty that Netflix’s financials are solid, and their development stays consistent. I can list the features of their budget reports and proportions, yet my examination is as of now excessively long. To put it plainly, Netflix isn't turning a benefit on their Web spilling, downloadable films.

Travel Let People Be More Understanding Essay Example for Free

Travel Let People Be More Understanding Essay Voyaging is a magnificent chance to go past the limits of own nation. Worldwide the travel industry empowers to open new corners of the world and get acquainted with extraordinary obscure societies, which are numerous on the Universe. However, what is increasingly significant, making a trip permits individuals not to simply extend the physical furthest reaches of standard presence, yet it additionally broadens the standpoint and even shapes the current qualities by demonstrating how others live and see the world.  â There exist various sorts of worldwide the travel industry †relaxation the travel industry, business travel, clinical travel, and recorded travel. Relaxation go permits individuals to go to various typically intriguing spots (Africa, South East Asia and so forth.) and have a rest there appreciating the coastline, the sun, excellent sea shores. Business travel guesses that an individual visits different nations on excursions for work. These days, clinical voyaging is turning out to be increasingly well known. Individuals travel to another country to fix from specific maladies or just improve there wellbeing. At last, the fundamental reason for chronicled the travel industry is to see the verifiable legacy of the nation. Such an outing guesses various journeys to better places of enthusiasm of the specific nation. Nonetheless, regardless of what is the principle motivation behind voyaging abroad, visiting other nation opens new limits before the individual, which reflect in the various things.  â First of all, trip abroad empowers individuals to get acquainted with new things †geology, culture, history of the meeting place. This upraises the instructive degree of the individual and improves reluctance of him. For instance, we as a whole realize that Egypt is well known for its pyramids that are thousands years of age. Those pyramids are the chief brilliance and qualification of the nation. Be that as it may, not all knows how much exertion and human lives were placed into those developments. Just observing those goliaths own self, it is conceivable to comprehend the genuine estimation of human life. Seeing those pyramids, one can understand that his life is nothing contrasted with multi year old stone. Such significant disclosure all the time causes individuals to think about what they do in their life and how much time they have on this world to accomplish something important except if they leave. Another important model is Turkey. We used to imagine that Turkey is an extraordinary hotel with its magnificent sea shores and ocean. However, on coming to Turkey one gets an opportunity to see energizing authentic spots, cause Turkey is where there are hints of each of the three significant religions †Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Consequently, we can see that universal the travel industry assists with raising instructive level and the degree of hesitance of an individual.  â Secondly, making a trip empowers to frame own target perspective free of those, which depend on TV projects, diary and paper articles, radio stations and so on. For example, Pico Iyer (2002) guarantees that Arab populace isn't as malevolent as American authorities depict it. All the media has been expressing and persuading different nations that Arabs are psychological militant and Americans need to fear them. In addition, unique crusade was even dispatch to guarantee that the war against psychological militant was the main intend to spare and help the countries where this fear based oppression began. However, as creator tells, he was enormously shocked visiting  Bolivia, Vietnam, India and different nations to hear that the those countries are really against American’s choice to start the war. Being â€Å"locked† inside the outskirts of one region, it is difficult to get an unmistakable picture and see how others see you country and your nation, cause broad communications may decipher the occasions and the sentiments as indicated by its own advantage. Consequently, just visiting different nations, it is conceivable to get a target scene of everything that is going on the planet. Giving the case of Iyer, global heading out empowers Americans to tell different countries that USA isn't a shrewdness.  â To the third, making a trip empowers to dispose of specific preferences that may exist in the public arena as â€Å"common opinion†. Once more, as Iyer (2002) states, when he took his mom to Syria, she was enjoyably shocked to understand that this nation was a lot more amicable, much cleaner and all the more wealthy that she recently thought of. It happens all the time when we get our assessment from certain basic sources and structure a generalization and partiality concerning the thing. In this way, voyaging crushes generalizations and makes more space for us to allow in different conclusions, sees, considerations. At last, it causes us to be increasingly responsive, progressively mindful and progressively lenient to different societies, to different conclusions, which can be not the same as our own.  â Finally, voyaging impacts the conduct of individuals. At the point when one goes to China or Japan and gets presented to this interesting extraordinary culture, become acquainted with the convictions and propensities for those individuals, there is consistently an impulse to follow the model. Viewing the extremely plain Japanese man who can rest on the sleeping pad and eat just fish, the idea about the over the top extravagance and its irrelevance emerges itself. Along these lines, the propensity for living richly may change into a propensity for living as indicated by the need. While seeing how daring and bearing the people groups of Latin America are, the craving of resembling them, battling to the last comes in a flash. Accordingly, making a trip can change the entire conduct of an individual.  â Toâ close, say that venturing out doesn’t essentially permit to go past the fringe of the nation of living arrangement, however it likewise permits to go a long ways past the constraints of customary reasoning and psyche. Presenting one to various societies, competes, convictions, voyaging changes people’s values, conduct, demolish generalizations and extends general viewpoint. The summed up benefits that voyaging gives are the accompanying: More profound and more extensive standpoint †new information, new experiences; Probability to shape individual target instead of abstract conclusion concerning various things dependent on own understanding; Decimation of biases and capacity to turn out to be increasingly adaptable and responsive; Increase of new examples of conduct, new close to home characteristics.   References Head servant R. â€Å"Contemporary Issues in Tourism Development† Routledge, London, 1999- Cooper C. â€Å"Tourism at the Age of Globalization† Routledge, London, 2001 Pico Iyer â€Å"The need of Travel† 2002. Jan.27, 2007 http://www.tourismofindia.com/misc/newstravelnecessity.htm

How to Pick a Blog Topic More People Will Choose to Read

How to Pick a Blog Topic More People Will Choose to Read .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on February 21, 2020Do you know why people decide to read certain blogs and not others? If you create a blog today, youll be throwing your hat in with  hundreds of millions of blogs out there. But what makes some successful and others not?One major factor is the topic. Not the topic of the individual posts but the topic of the blog overall. Let’s take a look at how you can pick a topic that will consistently draw in readers: Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert Table of Contents What Type of Blog is Best?Do I Need a New Blog for Every Topic I Want to Write About?Can I Turn My Blog Posts into a Book?Know Your AudienceHow to Choose a Blog Topic Which Will LastWhat Makes Your Blog Unique?Is Your Blog Topic Popular?ConclusionWhat Type of Blog is Best?Bl ogs are one of the most common and popular types of content online. But not all blogs are created equally and if you hang around this site long enough youll find out what differentiates the good from the bad.Blogs have two general categories:1. Personal Blogs This is a blog where the focus is on the author’s life and personality. They can cover a variety of different topics including the author’s life, opinions on current events, photos, travel and more.Successful personal blogs are usually well-written and entertaining. Readers identify personally with the author. Wait But Why is a popular example.2. Niche Blogs These are more about a specific topic or industry. Readers are more interested in the information presented than the personality of the author. Newsarama is a popular comic book and pop culture blog.With niche blogs, you don’t want to stray too far from the central theme otherwise, readers will be confused about what the blog is all about. The parts of a blog on a nic he site should be kept to a minimum.Do I Need a New Blog for Every Topic I Want to Write About?If you’re not interested in writing solely about one specific topic, you should create a personal blog. This lets you write about basically any blog ideas you can come up with, as long as you’re involved in some way. You can write about your life, your opinion on current events and more. Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches Managing several blogs at once is almost never a good idea. You’ll likely run into time, organization and motivation problems.Can I Turn My Blog Posts into a Book?Yes, but it’s not always easy. Your best bet is to take your most popular blog posts and turn them into a self-publish ed book. Amazon is usually the best way to self-publish.You probably won’t have much luck with traditional publishers. Most of them will be reluctant to publish content which is already available online for free.Know Your AudienceNo blog has an audience of “everybody.” You want to identify which specific groups of people are the most likely to be interested in your content. This involves creating a Customer Profile.A Customer Profile, also known as a Buyer Persona, is a fictional customer you create and then design all your marketing towards. The Whole Brain Group has identified the three criteria you need to know: Demographics â€" age, gender, income level, profession and so onPsychographics â€" personality, preferences, etc.Behavior â€" hobbies, media consumption, and other likes and dislikesOnce you’ve established the types of people you think will be interested in reading your blog, you need to find out where they are and specific topics they want to write about.How to Choose a Blog Topic Which Will LastWill you have enough material to go the distance with your blog? Don’t think two weeks ahead. Plan for six months, one year, two years and even five years from now.Is your topic going to be interesting and relevant for a long time in the future? Blog success doesn’t happen overnight. You’ll need to build up a large volume of material.Don’t pick any topic which is terribly time-sensitive. You’ll want your archive of older posts to be interesting to future readers. This doesn’t mean you can’t write about current events, but always keep evergreen content in mind.Before you begin, brainstorm at least 25 ideas for blog posts. If this becomes very difficult or impossible, you probably want to widen your focus.What Makes Your Blog Unique?Most likely, you’re not going to choose a topic that’s 100% original â€" even if you’re writing a personal blog! There are many ways your blog can stand out. Some ideas here include:A unique POV. Youâ €™re funnier, more opinionated or otherwise stand out from the crowd.Videos, pictures and other media. You appeal to people who don’t want to read a ton of text.Lots of research. You go the extra mile to bring information about your subject.Marketing Artfully has more info in their video How to Pick Blog Topics and What to Write About:Is Your Blog Topic Popular?Search for your topic on Google. Do you have a sense this is a popular topic online or does nobody seem interested?Take some popular keywords and check their popularity, too. One great tool I use for this is Long Tail Pro. This is a keyword research tool.With Long Tail Pro, you can identify long-tail keywords. These are keywords up to six words long. They’re very specific search terms. By playing around with Long Tail Pro, you can identify the most popular keywords related to your blog. This gives you a good idea of what people want to read.Long Tail Pro has a unique Keyword Competition Feature. This analyzes the top 10 s earch results for each keyword and gives you the following data:TitleURLDomain AuthorityPage LinksPage AuthorityMoz RankPage RankSite AgeYou can really hone in specific topics which are both popular and under-served. This will help make your blog appealing to a lot of readers.Use Long Tail Pro to check the difficult score of any relevant keywords. A score under 30 means there’s low difficulty. You’ll be able to show for the topic in the search results.ConclusionAt the end of the day, only you know how to pick a blog topic that is right for you. You’ll want something which interests, excites and engages you. This is a topic which you might be writing about for years.By using the tips above, you’ll find the perfect blog for you. Here’s to years of happy blogging!

How to Conjugate Retourner (To Return) in French

The French verb  retourner  is one of seven ways to say to return in French. Its a very useful word and easy to remember because it looks and sounds like its English equivalent. It is also based on the French  tourner, which means to turn. Yet, before you use it in grammatically correct sentences, youll need to learn its conjugations. This lesson will introduce you to the most basic of those. The Basic Conjugations of  Retourner Retourner is a regular -er verb, so it follows the same conjugation pattern as the majority of French verbs. That does make it significantly easier than most French verb conjugations, especially if youve already studied similar verbs like donner (to give), arriver (to arrive), or countless other words. Its always best to begin with the indicative mood when studying a new verb. This will allow you to use it in the present, future, and imperfect past tenses and these should cover almost any use you may have. Using the verb stem (or radical)  retourn- and the chart, you can learn which endings to add that are appropriate to both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. For example, I am returning is  je retourne  and we will return is  nous retournerons. Practice these in context whenever returning something and youll find them much easier to memorize. Present Future Imperfect je retourne retournerai retournais tu retournes retourneras retournais il retourne retournera retournait nous retournons retournerons retournions vous retournez retournerez retourniez ils retournent retourneront retournaient The Present Participle of  Retourner When you add -ant  to the verbs radical, you form the  present participle  retournant. Not only is it a verb, it may also be an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. Retournerin the Compound Past Tense A common way to express the past tense of returned is with the passà © composà ©. This is a compound, which means you need the auxiliary verb à ªtre as well as the past participle retournà ©. To form this, begin by conjugating  Ãƒ ªtre into the present tense, then attach the past participle to indicate that someone or something has already returned. For example, I returned is  je suis retournà ©Ã‚  and we returned is  nous sommes retournà ©. More Simple Conjugations While the conjugations above should be your first priority, you may need to use  retourner  in other simple forms. Each of these has special usages, from questioning the act with  the subjunctive  to saying its dependent on something else with  the conditional. The passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are literary tenses, though theyre also good to know. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je retourne retournerais retournai retournasse tu retournes retournerais retournas retournasses il retourne retournerait retourna retournt nous retournions retournerions retournmes retournassions vous retourniez retourneriez retourntes retournassiez ils retournent retourneraient retournrent retournassent Exclamations such as Return! use  the imperative form  in French. When using these, the subject pronoun is not required, so you can simplify it to Retourne ! Imperative (tu) retourne (nous) retournons (vous) retournez

The War Of The American War II - 1749 Words

World War II is one of the most prolific events in American history. While soldiers were away on foreign soil, thousands of Americans at home were doing their part as well. For example many citizens worked in factories across the nation producing the supplies the military needed to accomplish their goal. When people think of the places that most frequently furnished these products the common perception is that most products were manufactured in the northern industrial states, although this is not always the case. Throughout the war Louisiana played a critical role in adequately preparing for the war. Andrew Higgins has become famous for his role in inventing the Higgins’s Craft, which played a critical role in the beach landings in†¦show more content†¦Louisiana played an important role in nearly every aspect of America’s success in World War II, and likewise, it deserves to be highlighted. The American army lacked adequate preparation to go to war in 1941 , but that soon changed. Nearly half a million soldiers participated in a series of military maneuvers, or games, across mostly north Louisiana. Fourteen of the 27 divisions of the army took place in these events. The Louisiana maneuvers have become one of the largest peacetime military maneuvers in American history. This practice proved to be important for the army. Brigadier Raymond H Fleming explained that everything the United States Army had, except for bullets, would be turned loose in Louisiana. This allowed for the soldiers, most of them being newly enlisted, to gather wartime experience. Likewise, not all commands were fully equipped with the latest technology, but through these games the ill-equipped commands were able to see the effectiveness of the new technology. The soldiers that endured these games went through full paced war-like maneuvers. The Army was divided into two and simulated a mock war between each other. The two â€Å"armies† went back and f orth between over the course of ten days. They struggled through long hours and simulated combat. Along with the struggle of

Essay on Sensitive Periods in Developement - 1258 Words

Sensitive Periods in Developement The child does not grow uniformly and homogeneously like a crystal or a carrot, but by stages or phases, which succeed one another and which, differ from one another. For proper growth and development it is necessary that the potentialities for developing human relationships with which the infant is born be exposed to the organizing influences of another human being. Accumulating evidence indicates that there exist critical developmental periods during which the organism is ready for differential development, within which periods it must receive the proper stimulations if it is to develop adequately. These critical developmental periods may be broadly outlined as follows: 1) The period during†¦show more content†¦2) Maternal deprivation for a period varying for days within the first and second years, and weeks or months during the third and fourth years. 3) Changes from one mother-figure to another during the first four or five years. With respect to the reality of the critical developmental periods, it is, of course, well known that such critical developmental periods exist in the development of the body, with the principle well established that the earlier the interference with their development the more widespread will the disturbance in growth be. Tissues must reach a certain stage of differentiation before they can respond; later such tissues achieve a certain relative fixity, so that they can yield. Prenatal environmental influences For many years , in fact, it was believed that the baby in the uterus was completely insulated form all outside influences, but now we know that is not entirely true. Environmental influences ranging from radioactivity and stress in the outside world to drugs, chemicals, hormones, and viruses in the mothers bloodstream can affect prenatal development. Even though the placenta acts as a filter, keeping the blood of the mother and the fetus from mixing, a number of potentially dangerous substances can pass through it. And, of course, if theShow MoreRelatedApproaches to Care for Hypertensive African Americans2389 Words   |  10 Pagesother chronic problems, it can be understood that a person can develop hypertension and go living with his or her normal routine life without clearly noticing its occurence and growth. In this manner, hypertension tends to go undetected for longer periods of time until it causes other chronic diseases in the body. Sinc e African Americans are more prone to hypertension, the development of chronic issues such as kidney problems and heart diseases is more common in them as compared to their white counterpartsRead MoreAlphabet Swoth and Pestel Analysis2061 Words   |  9 Pagesdeficiencies in present resources of the organisation, as they limit its effectivness, prgress, developement and expansion. 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Benefits of Display Queueing Management System

Question: Describe about the Benefits of Display Queueing Management System. Answer: Introduction The outpatient trend in the United States health sector has been on an increasing since the beginning of the 21st century (Barton, 2009). Most patients prefer getting treatment in a single day then return home (Kaufman, 2007). However, commercial department indicates that the outpatient revenue is always below the budget (Halvorson, 2005). This demonstrates that health care suffers due to the inadequacy of funds to sustain the influx criteria described by outpatients. Healthcare management is only effective if patients get services required without taking much time waiting. There will be less burden of costs incurred to offer services. A less cost means that budget for outpatient is properly defined regardless of whether a patient has a Medicare or Medicaid. Nurses and other relevant staff members do not feel oppressed by the burden over responsibilities among others (Barton, 2009). Healthcare sector should ensure responsibility separation between the nurses and doctors attending to outpatients. This will create a culture of financial accountability, and this can encourage faster service delivery as well as promotes specialization of duties. Thus, whenever, a patient arrives, depending on the area of test and results, a responsible health officer takes over to provide treatment. In this paper, a deep analysis of and explanation of the financial environment in specialized outpatient department will be done to illustrate how the installation of Queue Display Management System (QDMS) will assist in cost reduction of providing services including decreased staff manpower need, reduced patient waiting time as well as reduced staff overtime compensation. Strategic Content The outpatients register reveals that visits and gross charges, health services, insurance facilities, medical equipment, and pharmaceuticals are of value to financial environment. Health services in a health care comprise of those who provide health services to patients. Health insurance is a cover or an obligation to a patient can use to pay for the bills accrued after getting medical attentions. Based on the responsibility definition, the staff should embrace teamwork. Through teams or groups, there is a convenient way of delegating responsibilities (Barton, 2009). Health officers can disseminate roles with ease knowing well the need of faster service delivery about budgetary issues. Upon the provision of services, outpatients should realize the quality of healthcare services through increased safety and improved favorable healthcare conditions. (Williams, 2008). Such programs motivate outpatients to visit healthcare often in case they have a health problem with the appropriate am ount required for such medical attention. Outpatient department can improve their revenue collection to necessitate their budget if they perform the following; Take a statistics on their visits: Taking records and data on the rate of outpatients inflow to a facility is an important practice. It helps predict the demand requirement and budgetary calculation geared to outpatients. The service gets prepared to handle its patients without the emergency need for either drugs or any other relevant services required (Margret, 2009). Register patients: A facility should register its patients such that a database is used to know who are to have a check-up visits, drug collection, and doctors appointments among other needs. Registration helps in calculation of the money spend, money collection and revenue trends in the healthcare. Therefore challenges of income groups can get solved. Utilize gross collections: Payments from outpatients can be pooled depending on the kind of treatment each receives then sort them by putting similar payment situations together. Thus revenue collection gets defined to help the management to estimate the groups and to predict an estimate of outpatient revenue. Aims and Objectives Aims: To analyze and explain the financial environment in specialized outpatient department. Objective: (i) To illustrate how the installation of Queue Display Management System (QDMS) will assist in cost reduction of providing services. (ii) To show that QDMS installation will reduce staff manpower need, reduced patient waiting time as well as reduced staff overtime compensation. Options Appraisal Queue display management system is a system used to control the number of people queueing for payment and for services related to health issues. It offers a scientific approach to solving the queuing problem in hospitals. More often it is applicable when the system cannot have the number of people in line get served. Health facilities have many people to care for; they have to line up in case a traditional system is applicable, a process through which most of the patients get tired or worse in health status. Therefore, QDMS is used as a faster and shorter way of solving problems related to outpatient demands. It captures the time per individual waiting and the health conditions of those waiting for services. Arrival rate, service rate value of serving the patients are also factors considered in this system. There are various queue systems that a facility dealing in outpatients can apply to control problems connected to high customer demand. One is the FIFO (First in First Out) which is the concept of queue most fair to patients. It considers patients depending on their arrival (Mohamad, (2007). The first patients are served first and leave first. It enhances a sense of equality and time bound. The other type that can be implemented is the SPF (Shortest Processed First) which involves offering services to patients who have less complicated issues. The procedures required to solve the problem is evaluated and if of less complication, medication is delivered first. It is not a fair system to employ. It leads to roars among the patients a situation that can worsen one's condition as well as discourages their willingness to visit the same facility. Based on the two options, FIFO seems to be most preferred since it is even fair to all patients than SPF. Therefore, the facility can install this type of QDMS through defined procedural steps which will help solve the under budget menace which is rampant with outpatients. Moreover, the facility can have a ready financial stability to cope with the patients demand wherever there is a need (Margret, 2009). The management will be motivated to exhaust all relevant sources of revenues for implementation. It requires detailed information on the status of each patient in the record and their proffered means of settling bills after treatment. This can enhance financial viability in the healthcare. Commercial Case Healthcare facilities mostly get funds from various categories of people and organizations to facilitate their service provision. The potential revenue sources include individual ability to pay, payment is made by another body or person (Third party), using Medicaid system, using Medicare means, self-insurance and insurances by commercial firms. However, a larger proportion of the funds come from other bodies which are not patients. They can be grants from countries or individuals, contributions by organizations, support from tax system among others. These non-patients sources are always triggered or driven by the government. Due to Medicaid and Medicare programs, a high percentage of health facilities expenses is solved by the programs. Therefore there should be no much money problem, and instead, health services should ensure that service delivery to outpatients either through ambulances, indoor treatments, workplace medication maximized efficiently. Through the use of Medicare, ti me management is realistic if a proposed system of payment is embraced. Use of PPS defined a computerized rate of payment where payments to more than health facility can be made once. Furthermore, it provides a possibility of not paying for related services. Contrary to the use of PPS, restructuring financial department is another way of improving outpatient services at reduced costs. Ambulatory care should be aimed due to its high value in the provision of such services by fixing and building them inaccessible areas. Accessibility reduces the tendency of health officers traveling to admit services to people. Technology is also important. It creates a possibility of integrating data a process that eliminates more labor force. It allows patients to access the system, acquire information and know the right body to consult. Lack of technology puts heath facilities at pressure to the employee, more people to provide information to patients and also directives about their problems Implementation Multiple queues; this system compel patients to take a ticket from a machine then queue randomly without a defined system (Silicones, 2016). The service is offered depending on the number of tickets registered on the system. Single queue if applied, it discourages and leads to in-turn kind if service delivery (Mohamad, 2007). However, people get assured that they are to be served due to its visibility process. Head queue; this system incorporates a single queue. The next person in line is required to do a single queue to eliminate any space or gap that may arise at service provision. A good queuing system for a health facility that can improve its service delivery by reduced affordable costs must have the following qualities; It must be fair to the patients or customers by not favoring or discriminating on the patients The management of a queue system should be systematic in such a way that no party feel to complain The queue process should be defined by outlining its beginning and ending, a definition that has to be known by clients. Patients should not be left frustrated on the queue without entertainment as a companion. Advantages of QDMS QDMS leads to improved productivity when used in a healthcare facility. Dealing with the system increase the pace of service delivery is achieved, a process through which less number of employees is required by the facility. It provides an opportunity of concentrating on other pressing issues. Thus health facility enjoys both faster, efficient operation and reduced costs incurred. Lower cost is contributed by the fact that less personnel is required (Silicones, 2016). Use of QDMS minimizes patients time to wait. The system being faster, contributes to a growth of hope among the patients. They believe of receiving attention as faster as possible thus relieve their tension and pressure that can rise due to excess waiting time. They got out satisfied and encouraged to come back again and again whenever they have medical challenges. In the long run, a facilitys reputation is build. Another advantage of QDMS is the increased satisfaction and patients retention levels. Satisfaction obtained due to faster and effective services increases the patients level of satisfaction as well as increasing a possibility of not losing them to a different facility (Silicones, 2016). Also, QDMS permits informative waiting period where the queuing system allows patients to know how long they will wait in line before being served. This builds confidentiality of waiting to get services as well as a firm commitment. Information displayed on the system updates waiting for patients in the relevant areas to consult in case of new discoveries on drugs, disease, and equipment. Before a patient is attended to, he/she can figure out through information displayed a problem solution mechanism or preventive mechanisms. QDMS will also enhance monitoring of performances in the healthcare facility in which it is installed. It outlines every health officers performance, and the number of people attended to (Silicones, 2016). Thus for performance reasons, a manager can use the queue system to track such records. Summary Installation of queueing display system comes with a lot of advantages to a facility dealing with outpatients. It reduces time wastage, the cost incurred, and customers frustration. It also improves performance level, facilitys reputation growth, service delivery, customer satisfaction and monitoring ability. When all qualities of a good queueing system are implemented, effectiveness and efficiency in performance cannot be an option. References Barton, P. L. 2009. Understanding the U.S. Health Services System. Chicago: Health Administration Press. Halvorson, G. C. 2005. Healthcare Tipping Points. Healthcare Financial Management. 17-19. Kaufman, K. 2007. Taking Care of Your Organizations Financial Health. Healthcare Executive, 15-18. Kendall, K.E., Kendall, J. E: System and Design. 8th Ed. Pearson Education, Harlow (2011). Lee, P.R., and C. L. Estes. 2003. The Nations Health. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Delmar Publishers. Lisa. B., Patricia, G., Glenn, S., John, T., Benard J. Tyson (2015). Innovation and Best Practices In Health Care Scheduling. Institute of Medicine. Litvak, E., M. Bisognano. 2011. More Patients, less payment: Increasing hospital efficiency in the aftermath of health reform. Health Affairs (Millwood) 30(1):75-78. Margret S. Veach. Whats On Your Plate: Ten Top Issue for 2006. Healthcare Financial Management, January 2006 Mohamad F.B. Alias (2007). Front Desk Customer Service for Queue Management System. University of Malaysia Pahang. Nursing and Allied Professionals Workforce Survey (2014). Healthcare Workforce: New Roles for a Changing Healthcare Delivery System. (GNYHA). Rivers, P.A., M. D. Fottler, and J. A. Frimpong. 2010. The Effects of Certificate of Need Regulation of Hospital Costs. Journal of Health Care Finance. Sandrick, K.M. 2008. Super CFO: Hospital Financial Leaders Soar to New Leadership Heights. Healthcare Financial Management. For current information on how the internet affects health and the provision of health services. The journal of Medical Internet Research. Silicones (2016). Five Major Benefits of Queue Management Systems. Retrieved: September, 21, 2016. Williams, S. J., and P.R. Torrens. 2008. Introduction to Health Services. Albany, NY: Delmar Publisher.

Spectrophotometric analysis of a penny free essay sample

Once we have gathered that information, we will use the results in the other two experiments. The purpose of the second experiment is to obtain a calibration curve based on different concentrations and absorptions. The purpose of the last experiment is to determine the copper content in a penny. Pennies minted in the United States no longer contain pure copper metal. This change was due to the fact that the cost of copper metal required to produce a penny was higher than the face value of the penny. Pennies now consist of a copper coating on a core that contains primarily zinc metal. The percentage of copper in a penny is now about 2. 5% We will also be dealing with complex ions. Complex ions are formed by the bonding of a metal atom to two or more ligands by coordinate covalent bonds. A ligand is a neutral molecule attached to the central metal ion in a complex ion. We will write a custom essay sample on Spectrophotometric analysis of a penny or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the simplest term, complex ion has a metal ion at its center with a number of other molecules or ions surrounding it. Many of these are highly colored due to their ability to absorb light in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the first experiment, we will first dissolve a penny in a concentrated solution of nitric acid, HNO3. In aqueous solution, most of the first-row transition metals form octahedral complex ions with water as their ligands as shown for copper: Cu(s) + 4 HNO3(aq) + 4 H2O(l) Cu(H2O)62+(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2 NO3-(aq) Once our penny has been dissolved, we will then convert the aquated copper complex ions to their tetraamine complex ions : Cu(H2O)62+(aq) + 4 NH3(aq) Cu(NH3)42+(aq) + 6 H2O(l) We will then be allowed to detect the presence of Cu(NH3)42+ ion by its characteristic deep-blue color, and you can measure its intensity with a spectrophotometer as a way to determine the percentage of copper in a penny. Since copper is a transitional metal, it has colored compounds due their partially filled d orbitals. To better explain how the blue color is emitted, a white light hits a transition metal compound and a certain color of radiation is absorbed. The absorption of energy excites the electrons and splits up the electrons in the d orbitals. This is called the splitting of the d orbitals. As we learned in a previous lab called electromagnetic spectrum, the electrons are unstable at their excited state so they must come back down to their original state. When the electrons go back to their original state, they release the energy absorbed as light. Since copper absorbs yellow radiation, the color it emits is commentary to the radiation color. In this case, since blue is opposite from yellow on the color wheel, blue will be the color visible to the human eye. To do this part of the experiment, we must construct a calibration curve that relates the measured absorbance, A, to known concentrations of Cu(NH3)42+ ion using the Beer-Lambert Law: A = a? b? c The Beer–Lambert law, also known as Beers law or the Lambert–Beer law or the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law (named after August Beer, Johann Heinrich Lambert, and Pierre Bouguer) relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling. It is the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration of an absorber of electromagnetic radiation. The law states that there is a logarithmic dependence between the transmission of light through a substance and the product of the absorption coefficient of the substance, and the distance the light travels through the material. In simplest terms, Beer’s Law is a physical law stating that the quantity of light absorbed by a substance dissolved in a non-absorbing solvent is directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the path length of the light. In order to get a calibration curve, you will need to plot your points and get the best fit line. This will give you a slope. The slope is the molar absorptivity constant because it is related to absorbance and concentration. When you plot five concentrations and absorbance readings, you can determine the molar absorptivity constant. The calibration curve will allow us to solve for x using the given Beer’s Law formula. In this experiment, we will be using percent yields instead of theoretical yields. A percent yield is the end results you get after preforming an experiment. The method to find the percent error is to subtract the theoretical yield from the experimental yield and divide your answer by the theoretical yield and multiply by 100%. This will be used to calculate how much copper was in the penny we are dissolving. % error = | your result accepted value | x 100 % accepted value Procedure: As stated in the lab manual 1. Obtain a penny minted, and RECORD the physical properties mass, thickness, diameter, year minted, city minted (D or P), appearance of penny) in your data table. Place your penny in a 100 mL or 150 mL beaker and label the beaker; and obtain a watch glass to rest on top of the beaker. 2. In the fume hood you will measure out 20 mL of 8 M HNO3 in a graduated cylinder and add it to the beaker containing the penny. Cover the beaker with the watch glass. The reaction of the copper and zinc metals in the penny with HNO3 is quite vigorous so you will not need to stir the reaction. RECORD your observations of the reaction, and allow the reaction to go to completion in the fume hood. 3. Fill a 100 mL volumetric flask approximately half way with distilled water. In the fume hood, add your HNO3 – penny solution. Add distilled water to the mark, cover the flask and invert several times to mix. 4. Obtain a clean 10 mL volumetric flask, and using a 1 mL volumetric pipet, transfer 0. 80 mL of the penny solution. 5. In the fume hood, add about 0.8 mL of 15 M NH3 carefully from the buret until the light-blue precipitate that initially forms dissolves and a deep-blue solution results. Then, fill the flask to the mark with distilled water, cover and invert several times to mix. 6. Using the same procedure you did for the standard solutions, measure the absorbance of the solution. 7. Repeat steps 16 through 19 two more times. These results f rom each trial should be very close to each other. Record these values in your data table. 8. Discard the remaining solutions in the labeled waste container in the fume hood. Rinse the flasks with small portions of tap water and discard the rinses. Data: Part I Wavelength (nm) Absorption (A) Wavelength (nm) Absorption (A) 440 .45 580 1. 350 3 .100 600 1. 420 480 .226 620 1. 440 500 .400 640 1. 360 520 .628 660 1. 230 540 .925 680 1. 100 560 1. 170 700 .955 Wavelength with maximum absorbance on spectrophotometer (nm) 620 Part II Concentration of copper (II) nitrate solution (M) Wavelength setting on the spectrophotometer (nm) Flask mL 0. 40 M Cu2+ Distilled H2O (mL) Concentration Absorbance of Cu(NH3)42+ 1 .2 9 .004m .282 2 .4 9. 2 .008m.528 3 .6 9. 4 .012m .825 4 .8 9. 6 .016m 1. 090 5 1. 0 9. 8 .02m 1. 380 Properties of the penny Mass (g) Thickness (nm) Diameter (nm) 2. 502 g 1. 1 nm 19. 02 nm Year City 1984 Denver Trial Absorbance Average Absorbance 1 .106 .092 2 .079 3 .092 Appearance of reacted penny/ammonia solution: The appearance of the penny that reacted with the ammonia solution went from a brown copper color to a blue/green color. While it was d issolving, there brown smoke like gas forming at the top of the lid. The bottom of the flask also got very hot to the touch. Data Analysis: 1. Plot absorbance (y-axis) versus the concentration of the Cu(NH3)42+ ion from part II. Add a best fit line (trend line) and determine the slope of the line. Print the graph in â€Å"portrait† orientation and attach as page 2. Show that the slope of the line is equal to the molar absorptivity, a, of the Cu(NH3)42+ ion at this wavelength. Include proper units. Slope: 65. 94 concentration/absorbance 2. From the average absorbance of your penny samples, and the line equation from your standard curve, calculate the concentration of the Cu(NH3)42+ ion in your sample from the penny. The ammonia molecules attach slowly, and in between each attachment, there is a chemical equilibrium. The more ammonia is added, the more complex is formed, as the equilibrium is pushed to the product side. The blue color is the result of the complex absorbing light in the visible light spectrum, and having a concentration high enough for the eyes to detect. 7. If the atomic radius of a copper atom is 1. 28 x 10-8 cm, how many atoms thick is the copper coating on your penny? R = 1. 28 x 10^-8 cm (2) = d = 2. 56 x 10^-8 cm Thickness in atoms = 9. 11 x 10^-4 cm/ 2. 56 x 10^-8 = 35623. 8 atoms Error Analysis: 8. What assumptions were made in the experiment and in the calculations? We assumed that the reaction would go to completion and that we would get a close to accurate calculation. 9. Research the actual percent copper in a penny. Calculate your percent error for the percent of copper in the penny. Comment on any significant sources of error. l1. 8-2. 5/2. 5l x 100%=28% error Conclusion: Up to mid-1982, cents were about 98% copper. Since our penny was made in 1984, it had a low percentage of copper contained in it. The rest was made out of tin and/ or zinc depending on the year of issue. In the middle of 1982 the price of copper shot up so the mint changed to coin’s composition to pure zinc core with a plating of copper so that the color would be identical to prior issues. The copper plating makes up about 2. 5% of the coin’s weight. Since our copper came to 1. 9%, we concluded that the experiment was done correctly minus a few errors. Discussion: Our experiment went really well considering our copper percentage was close to that of the actual percentage. Although we had a 28% error, it could have been accounted for during the experiment. There was a possibility that we did not measure our penny accurately or that we did not let the reaction go to 100% completion. Overall our data was sufficient and our results proved we performed the experiment correctly. Questions: N/A MSDS: Chemical Names: Nitric acid Formula: HNO3 Molecular Wt: 63. 01 Clear, colourless or yellowish liquid with an acrid, suffocating odour. Hygroscopic. Will not burn. During a fire, nitric acid decomposes with the release of corrosive nitrogen oxide gases. Closed containers may develop pressure on prolonged exposure to heat. STRONG OXIDIZER. Contact with combustible and easily oxidizable materials may result in fire and/or explosion. Highly reactive. May react violently or explosively and/or ignite spontaneously with many organic and inorganic chemicals. Releases extremely flammable hydrogen gas on contact with many metals, particularly in powered form. Generates heat when mixed with water. Nitric acid poses a very serious inhalation hazard. Symptoms of exposure include dryness of the nose and throat, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. Causes lung injury-effects may be delayed. CORROSIVE to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Causes severe burns. May cause permanent eye injury or blindness and permanent scarring. Chemical Name: Ammonia, Anhydrous Synonyms: Ammonia Formula: NH3 MOL. WT. : 17. 03(NH3) Ammonia is an irritant and corrosive to the skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes. May cause severe burns to the eyes, lungs and skin. Skin and respiratory related diseases could be aggravated by exposure. Additional References: Spectrophotometric Analysis of A Penny Lab http://www2. volstate. edu/chem/1110/CopperClad. htm Clark, J. (2003). An introduction to complex metal ions. Retrieved from http://www. chemguide. co. uk/inorganic/complexions/whatis. html

Prescription Mix-ups essays

Prescription Mix-ups essays When a person goes to the doctor and receives a prescription for medicine, the patient assumes the pharmacy will provide the right drug. That is usually the case, but sometimes the pharmacist cant read the doctors handwriting and may misinterpret what medicine is being prescribed. Also, it is the pharmacists job to ask the person if he is taking any other drugs, including over-the-counter products. The pharmacist has to do this to make sure the person is not mistakenly mixing drugs that can be harmful. Mix-ups are not common, but they do happen in the $103-billion-a-year prescription business. One major reason is that there are so many drugs that look or sound alike. Studies have shown that one to three percent of prescriptions dispensed have some kind of error. About 15,000 mistakes by pharmacists happened in 1998, according to estimates by Tony Grasha, a psychology professor at the University of Cincinnati who studied mistakes by pharmacists. About 2.8 billion prescriptions were filled in that year. If a person gets the wrong drug, it can be deadly. That is why the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), which sets standards for drugs, is running a voluntary hot line for health workers to report mix-ups. The USP has been able to find out which drugs are the easiest to confuse. Here are a couple: Accupril (taken for high blood pressure) and Accutane (for acne). Also, Zyrtec (an antihistamine) and Zyprexa (an antipsychotic). One of the problems, according to the Vice President of USP, Diane Cousins, is that drug companies have already worked their way through the alphabet, trademarking thousands of catchy names. She goes on to say in a Consumer Reports interview, How many combinations of five to seven letters starting with a Z are there that are easily pronounceable? The Journal of the American Medical Association reported that an older woman in a hospital emergency r...

Discuss the influence of business over local governments services and Essay

Discuss the influence of business over local governments services and regulatory activities - Essay Example re the monopolies became highly influencing bodies in the terms of social, political, regional and cultural segments of the economies (Eatwell and Wright, 1999). Giant firms across different sectors started to influence the decision of the public authorities in favor of them. Red-tapism, corruption and bribery became common in the bureaucratic segments of most of the nations of the world. The private monopolistic giant firms in the market started to grasp large portions of the consumer surplus in the market by influencing the decisions of the governments. It is only after the era of globalization, when the political sectors of most of the economies were decentralized. Under this regime, the local governments and the regional institutions were allocated with some sort of regulatory powers. The local governments were entitled to check on the scale and the scope of business activities in their respective local regions (Tucker, 2010). This paper will through light on the influence of the business firms on the various activities of the local government’s services as well as its regulatory activities (Jonas and Wood, 2013). The paper will emphasize on the numerous ways (like campaign funding and lobbying and bribing) through which the business firms can influence the decisions of the local governments (Feenstra and Taylor, 2008). The context of the paper also explains the different ways in which the actions of the local governments in the modern days are undertaken in favor of the corporate companies (focusing the Euro Area). The analysis in the conclusion states that local governments in the current epoch often behave irrationally by favoring the corporate organizations as the influence of such organizations on their activities are huge. There is no doubt about this fact that local governments have substantially influenced the operations of the business organizations. However, the case and effect factors in this context are just the opposite. It is true that in the

Whether text-speak (or texting language), as used in instant messaging Essay - 1

Whether text-speak (or texting language), as used in instant messaging and SMS messaging, is contributing to language decline or decay - Essay Example ed children to acquire a better literary understanding (Crystal) but might also be used to mask dyslexia, incorrect spelling or simply laziness to write rather than optimizing the text per se. The ultra conciseness of the words tailored for the short message service and instant messaging on the internet chats has taken the shape of a new English dialect. The massive increase in SMS has boosted up the mobile company earnings significantly. Britain, in the English speaking world is responsible for amounting up to 6 billion text messages a month (Huang) while Pakistan has taken one of the top positions after Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia for sending the most short text messages in the world adding up to 151 billion in the year 2009 alone and moving up to the third highest SMS sender in the year 2010 (Malik). This puts a new angle to the point of views debating the influence of IM and SMS on the literature and language. A developing country like Pakistan that has English as its second official language and to be used mostly in the higher education, hence being a notable part of the English speaking world, will be affected in a unique way by the way of SMS. The largely less educated population or atleast not as much educated and affluent in the English language have rather learned the language by the use of quick SMS messaging. The extremely low rates and encouraging services by the service providers have further ensured that the SMS trends leap ahead in a cut throat competition (Malik). It might be noted that the phonetic, orthographic and optimized approach of the SMS language makes it easy for even the relatively uneducated individuals to learn or process the English language (Chim). While this was not yet enough to be dealt with by a likely opponent of the SMS language, the new smart phones that come with the feature of predicting the next words and spell correction or auto completing ensure quick growth and ease of SMS (Chim). These features might be seen as

Communication Challenges in Global Virtual Teams Essay Example for Free

Communication Challenges in Global Virtual Teams Essay Communication Challenges in Building Successful Global Virtual Teams Due to Diversity and Cultural Differences Abstract This paper introduces an approach to effectively communicate within a global virtual team by discussing the challenges faced by them, understanding cultural differences in communicating, diversity within a team, building trust in virtual communication, and communicating across different regions and time zones. This approach appears in many discussions surrounding the difficulties managers and team members have in communicating effectively in global virtual teams. Specifically, this paper evaluates how the diversity of a global virtual team makes it challenging to communicate when members are not present face to face and adhering to the different regions and time zones these members are located. It will also examine the challenges in understanding the different cultures amongst a team and how to effectively build trust by researching, acknowledging, and understanding these cultural differences and communicating them to the team in a virtual environment. Communicating Challenges in Building Successful Global Virtual Teams Due to Diversity and Cultural Differences In today’s economy, many organizations must expand their operations globally in order to remain competitive and to stay afloat. With this business model companies have to develop teams across all functions of the organization and in all regions of the globe in which the company operates. For these companies, many have set up global virtual teams to manage processes and implement any projects or company initiatives with other employees of the organization. However with these teams come many obstacles and challenges definitely in communicating across cultural differences, understanding the diversity of the team and communication management within the different regions and time zones. Various authors (Danielle, 2006; Kayworth, 2000; Lee-Kelley, 2008 to name a few) have noted that these groups consisting of dispersed members across the globe and accumulated from various cultural backgrounds have an impact on how effective global virtual teams can be. Kayworth determines that there are four main challenges that global virtual teams face; which are communication, culture, technology, and project management. This paper observes the difficulties that virtual teams face within their communication efforts, analyzing the diversity of team members and the obstacles of communicating across different regions and times zones. As well as it takes an extensive look at the cultural differences that consists of these virtual teams and the challenge of building trust amongst a dispersed group. And in order for a global virtual team to operate effectively, managers and the members must research the different cultural backgrounds of its members, understand the communication challenges they face, and utilize them accordingly in order to build trust amongst the team to fulfill their goals that they place ahead of them. Defining Global Virtual Teams There are many authors that have provided definitions of global virtual teams, Lee-Kelley (2008) mentions that Towsend along with Lipnack and Stamps define a virtual team as a group that is geographically dispersed and utilize telecommunication and information technology as forms to communicate and perform. Lee-Kelley also refers to Alge, Balosky, Christensen, and Davis’ definition that virtual teams are typically a group that are dispersed who use various sources of information technology to communicate. In the case of these definitions, there is a lack of emphasis on the concept of team, but further definitions tie in this concept and place more value on the aspect of team. Cascio’s and Shurygailo’s mentioning of multiple-relationships in global virtual teams, by referring to the number of manager’s involved, number of team members, and number of locations. Many researchers in this field do not reference a specified distance in which team members must be apart to classify as virtual team, but as Lee-Kelley stated it is a psychological reality versus sociological that team members conceptually define themselves in a virtual team. In sum, there are many definitions that agree on the structure, form and characteristics of a virtual team and the members it consist of, but there is a lack of consensus amongst them. This lack of consensus on the definition of a global virtual team has also brought up the discussions of the challenges in communication that these virtual teams face, thus prompting this research. Time Zones and Work Schedules One of the initial challenges of global virtual teams is the complicated work schedules of its team members in their respective regions. Settle-Murphy (2006) notes when working in a synchronous mode (Instant Message, telephone, video conference), some remote team members are forced to work at awkward times. This alone is one the most consistent challenges that managers and teams have to overcome. When is the optimal time for virtual teams that span across various time zones to meet? A manager and its team have to take in consideration the different work weeks as well as the time difference. Consistently in many western civilizations, the standard work week is predominately Monday through Friday, utilizing Saturday and Sunday as business days off in order to tend to personal matters and observance of the religious day that is most affluent in that region and culture. Where in many eastern civilizations the work week is Sunday through Thursday, and they utilize Friday and Saturday as their days off. This difference is not only restricted to western/eastern civilization, but ultimately applies to the different cultures that make up the team, the different religions, and time of year. Being cognitive of this challenge and addressing it in an applicable manner is crucial to the effectiveness of a global virtual team. It is an evident obstacle in scheduling team meetings via information technology applications (i. e. teleconferencing, video-conferencing, etc). This is one challenge that can easily be addressed by the manager’s and team’s awareness of these work week schedule differences along with the cultural and religious difference of its team members. Another issue that global virtual teams encounter is conducting meetings across the various time zones of its members. There is no exact corporate standard or guidelines on how and when meetings should be conducted in order to accommodate all members of the virtual team. Settle-Murphy states that in order to reduce this challenge as an obstacle to building trust and team success, a team should agree when same time meetings are necessary, and consider rotating the times to share the burden of working during normal sleep time. The managers and team members should also consider which work can be done asynchronously (e. g. via email or a shared workplace) to allow all team members to work at the most convenient times. This approach can be highly effective because it is apparent that the manager and other team members have taken into consideration each other’s differences of location, culture, and business practices, and simultaneously addressing the challenge of building trust. By researching, understanding, and being respectful of the team members and their time, the cohesiveness of the group is established quickly and strengthened, which is also a challenge to overcome in global virtual teams. Communication and Behavioral Differences In the article â€Å"Working Together Apart,† Zakaria, Almelinckx, and Wilemon (2004) state that, â€Å"managers have often under-valued the profound influence of culture on knowledge conceptualization and transfer. Suggesting that knowledge sharing is often facilitated by communication that involves the exchange of meaning and that the process of communicating is dynamic, multifaceted and complex† (p. 17). Zakaria et al. , also suggest that cultural conditioning has a major affect on the evaluation of experience as well as how information and knowledge in global virtual teams is conveyed and learned. In short, cultural influences play a major role in communication and behavioral differences. This concept is another major challenge that global virtual teams face when striving to reach their end goal. Conveying a clear message is only one challenge, the difficult part is conveying that message so that it reaches each individual affectively according to their unique cultural and behavioral background and how to convey organizational messages across global virtual teams has consensually been done through technology. Global virtual teams that use information and communication technologies and exclude social or physical presence and rely on depersonalized forms of communications between its team members (Zakaria et al. ,2007). One can argue that this hinders the creation of a knowledge-sharing culture, yet over time, the exclusion of social and physical presence can possibly strengthen working relationships that normally would not form in a more traditional work setting. Utilizing technology as the form of communication takes out a lot of subtle communication aspects that are experienced when working within a team in a more traditional framework. An example of this is the use of non-verbal communication or cues. The absence of non-verbal communication may cause difficulties for those global virtual team members’ cultures that rely on body language, gestures and facial expressions for vital communication. For example, in high-context cultures, people value these subtle and indirect communications. Visual communication like a nod, smile, posture, voice and eye contact provide important indications and meanings to establish understanding of what is trying to be communicated. The usage of verbal and non-verbal communication is important when working together in a team. Global virtual teams usually lack the ability to rely on these communication manners because of their reliability on technology in order to communicate and therefore it is difficult to build cohesiveness and trust within the team. Zakaria et al. , states that: â€Å"Technology is simply a tool that needs human operations, no matter how sophisticated the technology can be, the implementation of technology has the potential to fail if insufficient considerations are given from the user perspectives† (p. 19). This brings up the topic of what is appropriate and what is not when communicating to and within global virtual teams. In the majority of information and communicated technology-mediated environments where team members are dispersed geographically and are culturally diverse, the usual form of communication is electronically, and the preferred language of use is English. Studies have shown that native and non-native English speakers exhibit culture-based differences in meanings of terminology, structure and format. A key example of this is the usage of terms and slang. When members use terms and slang words, the intended meaning can be obscured due to cultural differences and can hinder knowledge management and effectiveness. Another area for potential conflict in information communication is the actual language itself. For those teams that use English, individuals need to be aware of the English language variation in intra-team electronic communication. This particularly pertains to the tone, style, formality, salutations and closings and that they need to be aware that there are substantial sociolinguistic and grammatical variations within the global English-speaking community and will have a significant impact on intra-team communications. In order to successfully facilitate the cross-cultural collaboration and communication, the team members must be aware of these subtle differences and acknowledge them when relaying organizational messages. Since the use of electronic communication technology has the capacity to reduce or overcome certain cultural challenges within a global virtual team, these forms of technologies can facilitate intra-team interaction. It also introduces a shared-framework, a virtual work setting that can build intra-team respect, trust, reciprocity and positive individual and group relationships. Therefore, understanding the communication and behavioral differences when communicating electronically to the team members can put the team in the position to work through the challenges that lie within a global virtual team. The Importance of Developing Trust For global virtual teams, building trust is one of the essential factors in developing a successful team. Since global virtual teams consist of many cultures that make up the entity as well as a geographically dispersed entity, there is a high risk of potential misunderstandings and mistrust. So the question that many virtual teams face is how to develop trust. Many researchers contend that in order to develop trust, a group must facilitate face to face interactions in order to build trust. These face to face interactions allow people to relate to each other or â€Å"click† as many of the new generation say. However, this may not have enough grounds to develop strong trust within a team if the members do not understand each other and/or the nature of the team itself. As Roberts observed, â€Å"the development of trust, whether on a local or international basis, requires more than face to face contact or its technological and spatially indifferent substitute video-conferencing ellipses, trust depends on the sharing of a set of socially embedded values, cultural institutions and expectations† (Roberts, 2000, p. 6). In order for global virtual teams to be effective, there must be intra-group trust as well as trust between management and team members and vice versa. Jarvenpaa, S. L. , and Leidner, D. E. 1999) infer that virtual teams have no time to gradually develop trust and therefore require a high degree of â€Å"swift trust† to be demonstrated by enthusiastic and proactive team members’ behaviors. So how do cross-cultural members form swift trust? Jarvenpaa and Leidner suggest that the virtual team members would import the expectations of trust from other settings that they are familiar with. It is also important to note tha t if an individual team member’s cultural stereotypes are flawed, biased or incomplete, this technique may be problematic. Once communication is developed between members, trust could be maintained by actions that are highly dynamic, proactive and enthusiastic. Such active communication must be premised on accurate cultural knowledge to be effective. Therefore swift trust is made possible because when cross-cultural teams work in a virtual environment, they bring their knowledge, competence and expertise not only to meet the goals that are set but also about the other team members’ and their cultures in order to ensure the success of the team. Not only is this necessary for the members of the team but it also necessary for the leaders of the team to establish this swift trust. As noted from Zakaria and Leidner, there are two behavioral categories that form cross-cultural trust. First, credibility where one individual believes that the other individual has the capabilities, competence, expertise and resources to make a successful exchange that meets expectations. Note that when working in cross-cultural teams, the work expectation of a person in culture A is different from the expectations of a person in culture B. This can be challenging in implementing swift trust in global virtual teams, but it can be overcome if the expectations are set by the managers or leaders and are clearly communicated to all team members. The second factor that Zakaria and Leidner discuss is benevolence, the beliefs about the emotional aspects of the referent’s behavior like positive intention to exchange. These beliefs include a referent’s good will so that they would participate in the better good of the team rather than jeopardize the exchange outcome. This may result in some challenges to the team because swift trust does not focus a lot on interpersonal relationships. Rather it places more emphasis on the initial broad social structures. Therefore in order for swift trust to be implemented successfully, team members must maintain a high level of actions, regardless of their cultural preferences and differences. But team members should also appreciate, understand and respect the cultural differences that make up the team in order to truly succeed in a global virtual team. Conclusion Through research of many articles and publishing’s regarding the topic of communication in global virtual, building trust has been the one subject that has been consistently addressed. Mockaitis, A. I. , Rose, E. L. nd Zetting, P. (2009) suggest that the development of trust in the context of multicultural global virtual teams is related to aspects of culture, conflict, task interdependence and communication. A team whose members are more collective in nature rather than distant tend to report more positive results of developing trust within the group, this impli es that culture matters. It is important for all team members to understand and respect the cultures of the other individuals. Although team members’ personal cultural values have consistent predictive power it is suggested that it displays very little value in developing trust within the group. Initially since communication amongst the team is done virtually and not face to face, it is important to establish trust among the group. But as the team develops the factors for cultural differences and diversity tend to become less important to the success of the group. The findings of Mockaitis et al. , show that cultural diversity does not appear to serve as a barrier to trust, even as differences become apparent through communication, but it can play a crucial role in developing that trust. Therefore along with cultural differences, communication is extremely important for the development of trust within a global virtual team.

Ancient South American Foodways Essay examples -- Domestication, Plant

Ancient South American Foodways Domestication of plants and animals has long been indicated as a main causational factor for population increase and socio-political complexity. Evidence of domestication of plants in South America has been said of have initially occurred 8000 BC, evidence of squash in Ecuador (Pearsall 2008:107), and 500 years earlier lima beans and chili peppers are being exploited (Lynch 1983:125-6). However, it took several millennia for intensive manipulation of plants to become standard practice for subsistence. The Archaic transition occurred around 3000 BC was identifiable for its â€Å"broadly based subsistence, experimental agriculture, seasonal nomadism giving way to sedentism, and technological proliferation† (Lynch 1983:91). By the end of the Paleo-Indian times the shift to agriculture and cultivation came to a head during Pre-ceramic 2500 BC quinoa, maize, gourd, squash, potato, beans and lucuma were now utilized for agricultural domestication—the Formative stage according the Lynch (1983:91) ca. 2000 BC had â€Å"intensive agriculture, full sedentism, class systems, corporate labor projects, and temple-based religions.† Before and continuing through the advent of irrigation agriculture, South Americans diets and main source of protein was marine based. â€Å"Fishing is very nearly as old in the new world as the presence of humans—seafood not just agriculture underwrote the first formation of Andean Civilization† (Isbell, Sandweiss, Silver 2008:147). Small sea villages eventually provided a mutual trade system for larger complex towns—exchange of maritime resources for agricultural products. The advent of irrigation agriculture was vital in the formation of complex villages. The trajectory of irrigation in Sou... ...ithin and without the temple precincts, Chavin possessed elements which were to became standard in later Andean cities† (Bruhns, 1994:131). Also, Chiripa located near the Southern end of Lake Titicaca (600-100 BC), because a model for later temple structures particularly the Kidder Temple at Pucara. The site consisted of rectangular buildings around a central patio and each site in the complex housed a sunken rectangular temple. Consistencies across Nazca settlement patterns indicate urban planning strategies and monitoring systems. The Incan culture derived from Tiwanaku. Incan empire expanded from its core, Cuzco in the Cuzco Valley. Incan’s ability to cultivate and harvest resulting in techniques for food storage that could last from 3-7 years. Inca’s took the crops of those conquered nations and cultivated them ensuring seasonality differentiation abundance.

Meditation Journal Entries

First â€Å"in-class† Meditation have meditated before, but never in class. It was quite an experience! When I meditate, I tend to think a lot. Trying not to think about anything and focusing on my breathing is very hard for me. But know it will take some practice. My mind runs a mile a minute, but repeating â€Å"In and out† to solely concentrate on my breathing definitely helps. I can tell that was still a little distracted.Any goose that I heard brought me back to thinking, wondering what it was, where it was coming from. Once realized I was thinking again, I brought my focus back to my breathing, remembering â€Å"in and out†. I find it fascinating that you have to realize you a thinking sometimes it happens and you don't even know what you're thinking until you take a step back. The mind works in mysterious ways. I am intrigued to learn more about myself and mindfulness through mediation. /1/15 2. Youth: Nighttime Meditation Over the weekend I tried my best to take 5 minutes to myself to re-center and be present. Tonight I was having trouble winding down, so after my tea, I searched for â€Å"Nighttime Meditation† on youth. I meditated for about six minutes until I started to drift into sleep. I enjoyed the meditation because for those few moments of the day, was able to quiet my mind, relax, and become sleepy.I feel that guided meditation works best for me; listening to he soft spoken words of the man from the video really helps me to smash all the irrelevant thoughts going through my head and really focus on what was going on in that present moment. I also enjoyed the part of the meditation where the man was guiding me to feel my body parts, from my feet up to the tip of my head. At this point, feeling relaxed, aware, and present began to doze off. Of course, my head told me â€Å"Hey! You're dozing off! † there I go thinking again, and I shut off the video and immediately fell asleep.

Themes of Sam Shepards Plays True West, Buried Child, and Others

Although the Cain-and-Abel style of sibling rivalry this play focuses on is admirable, True West is another Sam Shepard drama that perplexes much more than enlightens. (Although as far as Bible stories goes, perhaps its more like the prodigal son and a really annoyed younger brother.) True West: Summary This kitchen sink drama begins with a young, successful brother diligently working on his next screenplay while watching his mothers house. His older brother has encroached upon the place as well. Austin (the screen writer) does want to upset his brother at first. In fact, despite his older brothers dead-beat ways, Austin seems to admire him, though he doesnt trust him. Though Austen appears civilized at the beginning of the play, he will go off the deep end by Act Three, drinking, thieving, and fighting—traits of his wandering, alcoholic father. Character Development Lee, the older brother, is oxymoronically a champion loser. He bums around in the desert, following the same life choices as his drunkard father. He drifts from one friends house to another, crashing wherever he can. He out a living by stealing appliances or gambling in dogfights. He simultaneously disdains and envies his younger brothers successful lifestyle. yet, when he gets the chance, Lee manages to enter the Hollywood elite, golfing with a movie producer and convincing him to conjure up $300,000 for a script synopsis, even though Lee doesnt know the first thing about developing a story. (This, by the way, is yet another stretch away from reality.) As often happens when erratic characters nearly reach the end of their troubles, catching a glimpse of paradise just around the corner, their own flaws prevent them from attaining happiness. Such is the case with Lee. Instead of writing a script treatment, Lee becomes severely intoxicated and spends the morning smashing the typewriting with a golf club. Austin doesnt fare much better, having spent his evening robbing the neighborhood of its many toasters. If this sounds amusing, it is. But humor never lingers long in Shepards plays. Things always turn ugly, and most of his family dramas end with a lot of objects being hurled to the floor. Whether its whiskey bottles, China plates, or heads of rotten cabbage, theres always a lot of smashing going on in these households. Themes in Sam Shepards Plays In addition to being a successful playwright, Shepard is also an Oscar-nominated actor. He stole the show from the rest of an incredible ensemble of actors in the historical drama about the Mercury astronauts, The Right Stuff. In his brilliant portrayal of Chuck Yeager shows that Shepard has a knack for playing brave, stalwart characters that exude integrity. As a playwright, however, he creates many characters that lack integrity—which is precisely the point of many of his plays. Shepards main message: Humans are not in control of their own emotions, thoughts, personalities. We cannot escape our culture or our family bonds. In Curse of the Starving Class, those who try to escape their dismal surrounding are immediately destroyed. (Poor Emma is literally destroyed in a car bomb explosion!) In Buried Child, the grandchild tried to drive as far away from his dysfunctional home, only to return to become its new supine patriarch. Finally, in True West we witness a character (Austin) who has achieved the American Dream of a great career and a family, and yet he is compelled to throw everything away in exchange for a solitary life in the desert, following in the footsteps of his brother and father. The theme of an inherited, inescapable downfall recurs throughout Shepards work. However, it does not ring true for me personally. Its understood that some children never escape the influence of their familys dysfunction. But many do. Call us optimistic, but the Vinces of the world dont always take their grandfathers place on the couch, sipping from a whiskey bottle. The Austins of America dont always turn from a family man into a thief in a single night (nor do they attempt to strangle their brother). Bad, crazy, messed-up stuff happens, in real life and on the stage. But to process the evil that men do, maybe audiences might connect more with realism rather than surrealism. The play doesnt need avant-garde dialogue and monologues; violence, addiction, and psychological abnormality are bizarre enough when they occur in real life.